众所周知，分娩是一个痛苦的过程。哌替啶为人工合成的阿片受体激动药，便宜易得，是最常用于产科镇痛的阿片类药物，有较好的镇痛效果，但是，由于其可能造成产妇恶心、呕吐、烦躁不安、呼吸抑制等副作用以及其对新生儿的影响，哌替啶对分娩疼痛的缓解效果存在争议。通过检索各国文献，对哌替啶在分娩镇痛中的作用机制、临床研究、系统评价、不良反应以及争议的研究进展进行综述。

Childbirth is a painful process. Pethidine is a synthetic opioid receptor agonists, cheap and easy to get, and is the most commonly used opioids for obstetric analgesia. Pethidine has good performance in analgesic effect, however, because it may cause maternal nausea, vomiting, irritability, respiratory depression, and other side effects as well as its effects on the newborn, it is controversial about the labor pain relief effect of pethidine. By searching national literature, mechanism of action, clinical research, system evaluation, adverse reaction, and controversy of pethidine for labor analgesia are reported currently in this paper.