利奈唑胺（linezolid）是第一个临床应用的新型唑烷酮类抗生素，通过抑制细菌蛋白质的合成达到抑菌的作用。因利奈唑胺独特的作用位点和方式，故不易与其他基于抑制蛋白合成发挥抗菌作用的药物发生交叉耐药，而本身也不易诱导产生耐药性，其临床疗效已经得到一系列III期临床研究证明。现就其作用机制、儿科临床应用及不良反应进行综述。

Linezolid is the first new antibiotics of oxazolidinone class in clinical application to play inhibitory effect by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. Linezolid has the unique site and way of action so it is not easy to produce cross-resistance with other antimicrobial that could inhibit protein synthesis and induce the resistance in vivo. Its clinical efficacy has been shown in a series of phase III clinical studies. This article reviews its mechanism of action, clinical applications, and adverse reactions in pediatrics.