随着现代生活方式的转变，缺血性心脏病已成为全球心血管疾病患者的主流死亡因素。迅速恢复血流灌注是治疗心肌缺血的重要途径，然而血流再灌注会诱发心肌梗死，甚至会引起无法逆转的心肌细胞死亡，因此寻找新的途径治疗心肌缺血迫在眉睫。DNA甲基化、组蛋白乙酰化与非编码RNA等表观遗传调控是后基因时代的重点研究对象，越来越多的证据表明表观遗传学调控直接影响心脏的发育，参与多种缺血性心脏病的发生与发展过程，对心肌缺血的诊断和治疗具有重要意义。对近年来DNA甲基化、组蛋白乙酰化与非编码RNA在心肌缺血中的作用机制做一综述。

With the change of modern life style, ischemic heart disease has become the leading cause of death in patients with cardiovascular disease worldwide. A rapid restoration of blood flow is the most effective treatment of myocardial ischemia. However, reperfusion of blood causes much more additional myocardial damage, even irreversible cardiac cell death. Thus, finding new strategies to conquer myocardial ischemia is an urgent clinical need. Epigenetic regulation including DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and non-coding RNA are key research objects in the post-gene era. More and more evidences show that epigenetic regulation directly affects the development of the heart, involves in the occurrence and development of various ischemic heart diseases, and it is significant for the diagnosis and treatment of myocardial ischemia. The mechanism of DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and non-coding RNA in myocardial ischemia in recent years are reviewed in this paper.