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<title><![CDATA[Chinese Herbal Medicines -->Next Issue Table of Contents]]></title>
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<link><![CDATA[https://www.tiprpress.com/chmen/article/abstract/]]></link>
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<pubDate>2015/2/26 17:16:14</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Systems Biology Application in Research on Sustainable Utilization of Chinese Materia Medica Resources]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[https://www.tiprpress.com/chmen/article/abstract/CHM20150092]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[This paper reviews the progress of systems biology applied to research on sustainable utilization of Chinese materia medica (CMM) resources in the following aspects: identification and evaluation of CMM resources, analysis of biosynthesis and their regulation of active ingredients in medicinal plants, metabolic engineering and synthetic biology research of medicinal plants, and molecular breeding of medicinal plants. Development of systems biology is currently leading to extremely broad applications in the field of CMM resources, and systems biology will become a significant approach for the sustainable utilization of CMM resources.]]></description>
<pubDate>2015/7/15 15:11:05</pubDate>
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<author><![CDATA[Sheng Wang,Hai-yu Xu,Lan-ping Guo,Lu-qi Huang and Chang-xiao Liu]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Comparative Study for Pharmacological Action of Corydalis Rhizoma before and after Processing]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[https://www.tiprpress.com/chmen/article/abstract/CHM20150093]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[Objective  To clarify the rationality and to provide reasonable usage references of processed Corydalis Rhizoma (CR) in clinic by comparing respectively pharmacological actions including analgesic, anti-inflammation, antiplatelet aggregation and spasmolysis of Yuanhu Zhitong Tablet (YZT) and Yanhusuo Decoction (YD) constituted with raw CR (RCR) or processed CR (PCR). Method  The hot-board, acetic-acid-induced twisting experiments and mouse auricular swelling model by injecting xylene in the abdomen of mouse were adopted to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the four formulas on Kunming mice; The experiment of contractile activity on isolated rat intestine smooth muscle on Wistar rats was applied to observe the spasmolysis effect of the four formulas; The experiments of platelet aggregation induced by ADP or collagen on Wistar rats by turbidimetry method were used to observe the anti-platelet aggregation effect of the four formulas. Results   Compared with RCR in two prescriptions, PCR displayed better analgesic effect (P < 0.05, 0.01), while there was no difference on anti-inflammatory effect; Inhibition of smooth muscle spasm of the two prescriptions was presented well, and the prescription YD with PCR was remarkable (P < 0.05, 0.01); Compared with the blank group, the two prescriptions showed outstanding effects on anti-platelet aggregation (P < 0.01), but no difference between RCR and PCR in two prescriptions. Conclusion  PCR can improve the analgesic effect of prescription YZT and intensify the spasmolysis effect of prescription YD, which can be explained by the Chinese medicine processing regulation. Therefore, PCR is suggested to be chosen in YZT and YD to cure pain symptoms.]]></description>
<pubDate>2015/7/15 15:11:05</pubDate>
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<author><![CDATA[Rong Li,Yan-bing Niu and Zhi-ying Dou]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Oleuropein Improves Long Term Potentiation at Perforant Path-Dentate Gyrus Synapses in vivo]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[https://www.tiprpress.com/chmen/article/abstract/CHM20150094]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[Objective  To investigate the effect of oleuropein (OE) on long term potentiation (LTP) at hippocampal perforant path-dentate gyrus synapses in vivo. Methods  An outer guide cannula, a monopolar recording electrode, and a bipolar stimulating electrode were implanted in the skull and extracellular recording technique was used to record the population spike in the dentate gyrus of anesthetized rats. Results  Oleuropein significantly increased the basal synaptic transmission and the amplitude of population spike was increased from (117.6 ± 2.3)% to (134.9 ± 3.7)% after administration with OE.  OE also accelerated LTP induction and maintenance, the population spike amplitude after high frequency stimulation was increased from (167.2 ± 12.8)% to (225.5 ± 15.5)% and the maintenance phase of LTP was from (182.1 ± 15.1)% to (210.5 ± 9.0)% respectively after administration with OE. Conclusion  The present study showed that OE significantly improved different stages of LTP, which could be the molecular mechanism of its efficacy on attenuating AD-like pathology and delaying cognitive decline. OE can be a promising drug for AD and dementia.]]></description>
<pubDate>2015/7/15 15:11:05</pubDate>
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<author><![CDATA[Fei-fei Pu,Song Yin,Hong-ying Chen,Zhi Dai,Tian-xiu Qian,Cheng-cheng Wang,Hui Xu and Xiao-ying Wang]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Immunological Activities of Components from Leaves of Liriodendron chinensis]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[https://www.tiprpress.com/chmen/article/abstract/CHM20150095]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[Objectives  To investigate the anti-inflammatory components from the leaves of Liriodendron chinensis. Methods  The 95% alcohol extract from the leaves of L. chinensis was isolated by column chromatography, and the structures of purified compounds were determined by spectral methods. The bioassay was performed through the inhibitory effects on the inflammatory cells activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Results  Nine compounds were isolated, including octacosanoic acid (1), stearic acid (2), (2R)-2-hydroxy-N-[(2S,3S,4R,8E)-1,3,4-tri-hydroxyicos-8-en-2-yl]tetracosanamide (3), (2R)-2-hydroxy-N-[(2S,3S,4R,8E)-1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-3,4-dihydroxy- octadec-8-en-2-yl]eicosanamide (4), (2R)-2-hydroxy-N-[(2S,3S,4R,8E)-1-O-β-D- glucopyranosyloxy-3,4-dihydroxyoctadec-8-en-2-yl]hexadecanamide (5), dicentrinone (6), liriodenine (7), daucosterol (8), and liriodendritol (9) and among which five compounds could significantly lower the content of nitric oxide (NO) from peritoneal macrophages of rats induced by LPS and reduce the splenic lymphocyte proliferation in mice. This is the first report on the occurrence of ceramides and dicentrinone in the plants of Liriodendron Linn. Conclusion  The five compounds are likely to be anti-inflammatory compounds concerning to their pronounced inhibitory action on the activated inflammatory cells. This assessment might provide a basis for searching the potent active compounds used for the treatment of inflammation.]]></description>
<pubDate>2015/7/15 15:11:05</pubDate>
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<author><![CDATA[Nian-yun Yang,Liu-ying Wang and Yi-wen Zhang]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Neuroprotection of Stilbenes from Leaves of Cajanus cajan against Oxidative Damage Induced by Corticosterone and Glutamate in Differentiated PC12 Cells]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[https://www.tiprpress.com/chmen/article/abstract/CHM20150096]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[Objective  To investigate the neuroprotective effects of four stilbenes isolated from the leaves of Cajanus cajan. Methods  Neuroprotective effects of the four stilbenes were evaluated using rat pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12 cells) damage models induced by corticosterone or glutamate. In order to elaborate whether the neuroprotective effects of stilbenes are related to anti-oxidant properties, both oxidant and anti-oxidant parameters were measured. Results  Four stillbenes, namely cajaninstilbene acid (CSA), longistyline A, longistyline C, and cajanolactone A were isolated from the leaves of C. cajan. The results of MTT assay and LDH release assay demonstrated that the four stilbenes possessed neuroprotective effects. Moreover, the treatment on PC12 cells with corticosterone or glutamate could significantly increase the levels of ROS and MDA with accompanying decrease in the activities of SOD and CAT. However, the four tested stilbenes could significantly alleviate such situation by dropping out the levels of ROS and MDA, as well as enhancing the activities of SOD and CAT. Conclusion  These results provide a scientific basis for further studies to explore the potential neuroprotective effects on neurodegenerative diseases.]]></description>
<pubDate>2015/7/15 15:11:06</pubDate>
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<author><![CDATA[Ya-min Liu,Sheng-nan Shen,Fang-bo Xia,Qi Chang,Xin-min Liu and Rui-le Pan]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Network Pharmacology Bridges Traditional Application and Modern Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[https://www.tiprpress.com/chmen/article/abstract/CHM20150097]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has developed over thousands of years and has accumulated abundant clinical experience, forming a comprehensive and unique medical system. Emerging evidence has begun to illustrate TCM as an area of important medical rediscoveries. This paper briefly introduced the concept, significance, and technology of network pharmacology based on network biology and systems biology. It focused on the theoretical system and potential prospect of TCM network applied in TCM research and development including predicting new drug targets, action mechanism, new drug discovery; evaluating pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, safety, toxicology, quality control, and bioinformatics of drugs. We also discussed the opportunities and challenges in the development and application of network pharmacology in the modernization of TCM research.]]></description>
<pubDate>2015/1/13 9:46:12</pubDate>
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<author><![CDATA[Chang-xiao Liu,Rui Liu,Hui-rong Fan,Xue-feng Xiao,Xiao-peng Chen,Hai-yu Xu and Yan-ping Lin]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Network Pharmacology for Traditional Chinese Medicine Research: Methodologies and Applications]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[https://www.tiprpress.com/chmen/article/abstract/CHM20150098]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[The inception of network pharmacology comes from the advance in “multi-target, multi-drug” paradigm and opens up a new field for pharmaceutical science. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is well-known for its use of medicinal herb combinations to treat the functional disorders induced by diseases through a holistic view, which naturally followed the principal of network pharmacology. In this review, the methodologies of network pharmacology in TCM studies were summarized. Specifically, the methodologies for network construction and network analysis were detailed by  following several TCM study cases followed. The perspectives for TCM network pharmacology were also provided.]]></description>
<pubDate>2015/1/13 9:46:12</pubDate>
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<author><![CDATA[Yu-feng Liu,Ni Ai,Anthony Keys,Xiao-hui Fan and Min-jun Chen]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[In silico Molecular Docking Study of Repensine and Bentysrepinine against HBV DNA Polymerase]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[https://www.tiprpress.com/chmen/article/abstract/CHM20150099]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[Bentysrepinine (Y101), a derivative of repensine, is a novel di-peptide structure isolated from Dichondra repens. In vitro and in vivo tests exhibited that bentysrepinine markedly inhibited DNA-HBV and cccDNA activities. The binding mode of Y101 and repensine with DNA polymerase was driven by hydrophobic interactions. This might provide novel recognition of inhibitory effect of Y101 against HBV, though its inhibition mechanism needs to be validated by bio-assay at cellular level and of polymerase activity. Preliminary docking study suggested that Y101 might be able to inhibit HIV inverse transcriptase, also have the potential to interact with DNA polymerase and HCV NS5B polymerase.]]></description>
<pubDate>2015/1/13 9:46:12</pubDate>
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<author><![CDATA[Fan-cui Meng,Wei-ren Xu,Ya-zhuo Li,Zheng-ming Huang,Guang-yi Liang and Chang-xiao Liu]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Chemical Analysis of Xueshuantong Lyophilized Powder by LC-MS Profiling]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[https://www.tiprpress.com/chmen/article/abstract/CHM20150100]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[Objective  To elucidate the chemical substance of Xueshuantong (XST) Lyophilized Powder and primarily disclose the chemical difference between XST and Panax notoginseng roots. Methods  Liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MSn) was used to profile the saponins in XST and P. notoginseng. Structural elucidation was based on spectral analyses of negative and positive ESI-MS3 data, and the compare of the retention behaviors. Results  The optimized LC-MS profiling approach enabled well resolution of major saponins. The negative mode ESI-MS3 fragmentation gave diagnostic information on the nature (neutral loss 162 Da for Glc, 146 Da for Rha, and 132 Da for a pentose) and sequence (priority: terminal > inner) of sugars and sapogenins (m/z 475 for protopanaxatriol; m/z 459 for protopanaxadiol), while the intact glycosyl portion could be characterized by characteristic Z0α+, Cnα+, and Cnβ+ (n = 2 or 3) obtained in the positive mode. Ultimately, totally 30 saponins were characterized from XST. Compared with the roots of P. notoginseng, three malonyl-ginsenosides, ginsenoside Rd, and gyponoside XVII (or its isomer) were almost undetectable, and showed potential significance for their differentiation. Conclusion  The established LC-MS profiling approach is powerful for the chemical analysis of P. notoginseng and its preparations such as XST.]]></description>
<pubDate>2015/1/13 9:46:12</pubDate>
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<author><![CDATA[Ming Chen,Wen-zhi Yang,Wan-ying Wu and De-an Guo]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Research Progress on Chemical Constituents of Cistanches Herba and their Pharmacological Effects]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[https://www.tiprpress.com/chmen/article/abstract/CHM20150101]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[Cistanches Herba, a famous traditional Chinese materia medica, has a laudatory title “desert ginseng”. According to Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2000, Cistanches Herba is the dry fleshy stem with scale-like leaves of Cistanche deserticola. In order to expand the drug source, Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005 increased the plants in Cistanche Hoffmg. et Link (Orobanchaceae), C. tubulosa, and dry scaly leaf succulent stems were as genuine Cistanches Herba and still in use. In order to have more comprehensive understanding on Cistanches Herba, this paper focuses the reviews on the biological characteristics, chemical constituents, and pharmacological activities of Cistanches Herba, and its development prospects are looked forward. It provides the relative theoretical basis for the subsequent research work of Cistanches Herba and can be conducive to the development and utilization of Cistanches Herba.]]></description>
<pubDate>2015/1/13 10:54:16</pubDate>
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<author><![CDATA[Lin–lin Wang,Hui Ding,Yao Shi,Qing-hai Lai,He–shui Yu,Li-juan Zhang and Xin-bo Song]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Concentration Prediction of Total Flavonoids in Aurantii Fructus Extraction Process: Locally Weighted Regression versus Kinetic Model Equation Based on Ficks Law]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[https://www.tiprpress.com/chmen/article/abstract/CHM20150102]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[Objective  To predict the total flavonoids concentration of Aurantii Fructus fried with bran in its extraction process. Methods  Ultraviolet spectrophotometry was used to determine the concentration of total flavonoids in different extraction time (t ) and solvent load (M ). Then the predicted procedure was carried out using the following data: 1) based on Ficks second law, the parameters of the kinetic model could be deduced and the equation was established; 2) Locally weighted regression (LWR) code was developed in the WEKA software environment to predict the concentration. And then we used both methods to predict the concentration of total flavonoids in new experiments. Results  After comparing the predicted results with the experimental data, the LWR model had better accuracy and performance in the prediction. Conclusion  LWR is applied to analyze the extraction process of Chinese herb for the first time, and it is totally fit for the extraction. LWR-based system is a more simple and accurate way to predict than the established equation. It is a good choice especially for a process which exists no clearly rules, and can be used in the real-time control during the process.]]></description>
<pubDate>2015/1/13 10:54:16</pubDate>
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<author><![CDATA[Yang Chen,Jun-hui Shen,Jian Ni,Meng-jie Xu,Hao-ran Dou,Jing Fu and Xiao-xu Dong]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Simultaneous Determination of Five Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Components from roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza  by HPLC]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[https://www.tiprpress.com/chmen/article/abstract/CHM20150103]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[Objective  A reversed-phase HPLC method was established for the simultaneous determination of five hydrophilic and lipophilic components in the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Methods  Hydrophilic components including danshensu, protocatechuic aldehyde, and salvianolic acid B, and lipophilic components such as cryptotanshinone and tanshinone IIA, were successfully separated on a Waters Symmetry C18 reverse- phase column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), with acetonitrile-0.5% phosphoric acid (gradient elution) as mobile phase, the detection wavelength was set at 281 nm with flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and the column temperature was maintained at 30 °C. Results  The recovery of the method was in the range of 95.1%–102.5% and the precision was less than 3% for all five analytes. All the compounds showed good linearity (R2 > 0.9990) in a relatively wide concentration range. Therefore, this HPLC method demonstrated good reproducibility, stability, and accuracy in validation studies. Conclusion  Simultaneous quanti?cation of the multiple components by HPLC would be a better strategy for the quality evaluation on the roots of S. miltiorrhiza.]]></description>
<pubDate>2015/1/13 10:54:16</pubDate>
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<author><![CDATA[Li-lan Lu,Shuang Hou,Ting-ting Zheng,Xing-li Zhang and Jian-he Wei]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Antipyretic Effects of Liposoluble Fractions of Viola yedoensis]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[https://www.tiprpress.com/chmen/article/abstract/CHM20150104]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[Objective  To clarify the antipyretic effect of the Chinese materia medica, Violae Herba (Viola yedoensis), and its active fractions by examining the effects of V. yedoensis extracts with differing polarities on body temperature, total white blood cell (WBC) count, WBC differential count, and total serum complement of rabbits with  lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced fever. Methods  The rabbits were treated with water and ethanolic extracts of V. yedoensis, as well as petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fractions of the ethanolic extract at low-, mid- and high- doses. The LPS was injected via the ear vein of rabbits in model and treatment groups 30 min post-gavage. Their body temperature was measured at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, and 6.0 h after the LPS challenge to calculate the temperature changes and thermal response index. After the last temperature measurement, blood samples were collected to determine the blood cell counts and total serum complement (CH50) level. Results  Compared with the model group, body temperature was significantly lower in the low-dose ethanolic extract group, low- and mid-dose petroleum ether fraction groups, and all three ethyl acetate fraction groups. Serum CH50 levels were lower in all treatment groups, except the ethanolic extract groups, than that in the model group, with no significant difference. V. yedoensis had no significant effect on the blood cells of febrile rabbits challenged with LPS for 6 h. Conclusion  The antipyretic effects of V. yedoensis are strong, and its active fractions are the petroleum ether and ethyl acetate fractions of ethanolic extract.]]></description>
<pubDate>2015/1/13 10:54:17</pubDate>
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<author><![CDATA[Ying-yi Pan,Zhe-ping Song,Guo-fu Zhu,Yuan-zhang Zhu,Yi Lu,Wen-long Li,Jie Cao and Zhi-hong Cheng]]></author>
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<link><![CDATA[https://www.tiprpress.com/chmen/article/abstract/CHM202202010]]></link>
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<pubDate>2022/4/21 13:15:46</pubDate>
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<author><![CDATA[Linyan Wanga, Zhongyan Dua, Yang Guana, Bo Wanga, Yanling Peib, Lizong Zhanga, Mingsun Fanga]]></author>
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